@inproceedings{Trosterer2017b,
title = {What We Can Learn from Pilots for Handovers and (De)Skilling in Semi-Autonomous Driving: An Interview Study},
author = {Sandra Tr\"{o}sterer and Alexander Meschtscherjakov and Alexander Mirnig and Artur Lupp and Magdalena G\"{a}rtner and Fintan McGee and Rod McCall and Manfred Tscheligi and Thomas Engel},
doi = {10.1145/3122986.3123020},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '17)},
pages = {173--182},
abstract = {In aviation, pilots interact with autopilots almost on a daily basis. With semi-autonomous vehicles, this is not yet the case. In our work, we aimed at finding out what we can learn from pilots' current experiences for the domain of autonomous driving and what implications can be derived. We conducted three in-depth interviews with pilots to investigate how pilots currently handle handover situations to and from the autopilot, which information is relevant for this transition to be successful, how pilots react in critical situations, how handovers are trained, and how flying and handover skills are maintained. We compare the gained insights with the domain of autonomous driving and reflect on implications for handovers and (de)skilling. Our findings suggest that the AUI community can learn from aviation in areas such as situation awareness, transparency of system status, the need for a primary drive display, calibrated (dis)trust, and driver training.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Trosterer2016,
title = {You Never Forget How to Drive: Driver Skilling and Deskilling in the Advent of Autonomous Vehicles},
author = {Sandra Tr\"{o}sterer and Magdalena G\"{a}rtner and Alexander Mirnig and Alexander Meschtscherjakov and Rod McCall and Nicolas Louveton and Manfred Tscheligi and Thomas Engel},
doi = {10.1145/3003715.3005462},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '16)},
pages = {209--216},
publisher = {ACM},
abstract = {In the scope of autonomous driving, the question arises if the increased use of automated systems will have an impact on driver's skills in handling the car in the long term. In order to gain more insights on the issue of driver deskilling and how it relates to driving experience and time intervals of non-driving, we conducted an online survey (n=703) considering three driver groups. We found that initial skilling is more of an issue than deskilling after long periods of driving inactivity, i.e., while once learned driving skills seem to remain stable after longer periods of non-driving, they are much more influenced by driving experience in terms of annual mileage and frequency of use. Applied to the autonomous context, this means that drivers must be trained to a high enough skill level or require sufficient manual driving experience, in order to be able to react properly when driving themselves.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}